Table 3.

Three-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons for the WB subtest.

Three-way ANOVA
Factor	F	p	η 2 p
Time	12.106	< 0.001***	0.054
Age	2.268	0.105	0.011
Sex	4.534	0.034*	0.011
Time * age	1.766	0.135	0.016
Time * sex	0.558	0.573	0.003
Age * sex	0.706	0.494	0.003
Time * age * sex	1.358	0.248	0.013
Post-hoc comparisons (time factor)
	Mean difference	p	Cohen's d
Pre vs. post	−0.734	0.714	−0.045
Pre vs. follow-up	7.653	< 0.001***	0.465
Post vs. follow-up	8.386	< 0.001***	0.510
Post-hoc comparisons (sex factor)
	Mean difference	p	Cohen's d
F vs. M	3.384	0.034*	0.206

WB, walking backward; *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.