Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N=42).
| Characteristic | Value | ||
| Age (years), median (IQR; range) | 55 (51-61; 45-76) | ||
| Sexa, n (%) | |||
|
|
Female | 32 (76) | |
|
|
Male | 10 (24) | |
| Race, n (%) | |||
|
|
White | 30 (71) | |
|
|
Black or African American | 9 (21) | |
|
|
Other | 1 (2) | |
|
|
More than one race | 1 (2) | |
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 1 (2) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
|
|
Hispanic or Latino | 3 (7) | |
|
|
Not Hispanic or Latino | 36 (86) | |
|
|
Unknown or prefer not to answer | 3 (7) | |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||
|
|
Disabled | 13 (31) | |
|
|
Working full-time | 11 (26) | |
|
|
Retired | 10 (24) | |
|
|
Working part-time | 4 (10) | |
|
|
Unemployed | 2 (5) | |
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 2 (5) | |
| Frequency of internet useb, n (%) | |||
|
|
Most of the day | 12 (29) | |
|
|
Multiple times a day | 28 (67) | |
|
|
At least once a day | 1 (2) | |
|
|
Less than once a day | 1 (2) | |
| Duration of chronic pain (years), median (IQR; range) | 12 (8-20; 2-65) | ||
| High-impact chronic pain presentc, n (%) | 33 (80) | ||
| BPId Pain Interference score, median (IQR; range) | 7.1 (6-8.1; 2.4-9) | ||
| PHQ-9e score, median (IQR; range) | 14 (12-17; 7-22) | ||
| GAD-7f score, median (IQR; range) | 12 (9-15; 1-21) | ||
| Prior mental health treatments, n (%) | |||
|
|
Medication | 30 (71) | |
|
|
Psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist | 28 (67) | |
|
|
Self-management (meditation, mindfulness, deep breathing, etc) | 21 (50) | |
|
|
Support group | 10 (24) | |
|
|
Mental health app | 4 (10) | |
|
|
None | 3 (7) | |
aSex and gender identity were concordant for all participants.
bSelf-reported internet use was captured by the Pew Digital Savviness Classifier [57].
c”High impact chronic pain” is defined as pain that limits life or work activities on most or every day over the past 3 months [2].
dThe Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Pain Interference score ranges from 0 to 10 [58]. Higher scores indicate greater pain interference.
eThe 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9-item screening measure for depressive symptoms [49]. Scores range 0-27. Higher scores suggest more depressive symptoms.
fThe 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) is a 7-item screening measure for anxiety symptoms [50]. Scores range 0-21. Higher scores suggest more anxiety symptoms.