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. 2026 Jun 17;26:575. doi: 10.1186/s12893-026-03944-7

Table 2.

The size, location and cause of the dural rupture

Group Size Location Cause of the tears
≦ 5 mm > 5 mm Central Fringe Drill Rongeur Dissector
Dural patch 12 0 2 10 6 4 2
Bone wax 11 0 3 8 5 5 1
tolal 23 0 8 15 11 9 3