3-NT	3-nitrotyrosine
4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
8-epi-PGF2α	8-epi-prostaglandin F2α
8-OHdG	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
ACSL4	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4
AGE/AGEs	advanced glycation end product(s)
Akt	protein kinase B
ALDH2	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
AMI	acute myocardial infarction
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ARIC	Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BAK	Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
BAP	biological antioxidant potential
BAX	Bcl-2-associated X protein
BIOSTAT-CHF	A Systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure
BNP	B-type natriuretic peptide
CA-125	carbohydrate antigen 125
Ca2+	calcium ion
cGAS-STING	cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes
cGMP-PKG	cyclic guanosine monophosphate–protein kinase G
CECCY	Carvedilol Effect in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity
CMR	cardiac magnetic resonance
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CT-1	cardiotrophin-1
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
DIAST-CHF	Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
Drp1	dynamin-related protein 1
dROMs	derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites
E/A	ratio of early to late transmitral flow velocities
E/e′	ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity
ECV	extracellular volume fraction
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMPEROR-Reduced	Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
ETC	electron transport chain
F2-isoprostanes	F2-isoprostanes
Gal-3	galectin-3
Gal-3C	galectin-3 C-terminal domain
GDF-15	growth differentiation factor 15
GLM	generalized linear model
GLS	global longitudinal strain
GPX4	glutathione peroxidase 4
GSH	glutathione
HF	heart failure
HFmrEF	heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF	heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF	heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
Hmox1	heme oxygenase 1
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
hs-cTn	high-sensitivity cardiac troponin
hs-cTnT	high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T
hs-CRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
IFN-β	interferon beta
IKKβ	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta
IL-1β	interleukin-1 beta
INOCA	ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRF3	interferon regulatory factor 3
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LA	left atrial
LAVI	left atrial volume index
LGE	late gadolinium enhancement
LV	left ventricular
LVEDP	left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
LVEF	left ventricular ejection fraction
LVMI	left ventricular mass index
M2	type 2/alternatively activated macrophage phenotype
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
MFF	mitochondrial fission factor
Mfn1/2	mitofusin 1/2
mGPX4	mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase 4
MPI	myocardial performance index
MitoQ	mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone/mitoquinone
MPO	myeloperoxidase
MPRI	myocardial perfusion reserve index
mPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
MTP-131	mitochondria-targeted peptide 131/elamipretide
mtROS	mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species
Na+	sodium ion
NAD+	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NCX	sodium–calcium exchanger
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NHE1	sodium–hydrogen exchanger 1
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
NO	nitric oxide
NOX	NADPH oxidase
NOX2	NADPH oxidase 2
NOX4	NADPH oxidase 4
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA	New York Heart Association
OPA1	optic atrophy 1
OSI	oxidative stress index
PA	pulmonary artery
p38-MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
PASP	pulmonary artery systolic pressure
PKC	protein kinase C
PSH	protein sulfhydryl groups
PUFA	polyunsaturated fatty acid
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycation end products
RIRR	ROS-induced ROS release
ROC	receiver operating characteristic
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RV	right ventricle
RV–PA	right ventricular–pulmonary arterial
RyR2	ryanodine receptor 2
s′	tissue Doppler systolic annular velocity
SGLT2	sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
SHp	serum thiol groups
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
SIRT3	sirtuin 3
SLC7A11	solute carrier family 7 member 11
Smad2/3	small mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3
SOD2	superoxide dismutase 2
SS-31	elamipretide
sST2	soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2
System xc−	cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc−
TAC	total antioxidant capacity
TAPSE	tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
TAS	total antioxidant status
TBARS	thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TBK1	TANK-binding kinase 1
TGF-β	transforming growth factor beta
TOS	total oxidant status
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion channel
VDAC1	voltage-dependent anion channel 1
VO2max	maximal oxygen uptake
WISE-CVD	Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation–Coronary Vascular Dysfunction
XOR	xanthine oxidoreductase