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Proposed model of the HCMV-induced apoptotic signaling pathways. HCMV infection causes genotoxic stress, which activates ATM kinase. The activated ATM can activate p53 either directly or through activation of Chk2. The activation of p53 leads to the activation of mitochondrial pathway, ie, Bax and Bak, hence the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 resulting in cell apoptosis.
