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. 2026 Jul 23;15(8):915. doi: 10.3390/antiox15080915
AKI Acute kidney injury
CKD Chronic kidney disease
AM Alpha-mangostin
ROS Reactive oxygen species
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
NF-κB Nuclear factor-kappa B
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
IL Interleukin
MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
TLR Toll-like receptor
DAMP Damage-associated molecular pattern
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
PINK1 PTEN-induced kinase 1
TFAM Mitochondrial transcription factor A
RIPK Receptor-interacting protein kinase
MLKL Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Akt Protein kinase B
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
BUN Blood urea nitrogen
NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule-1
DKK3 Dickkopf-3
SGLT2 Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2