Table 3.

Distribution of Clinical Variables During Labor and Birth in Three Intervention Groups ^*

	Warm Compresses (n=404)	Massage with Lubricant (n=403)	Hands Off (n=404)
Epidural analgesia	163 (40.4)	143 (35.5)	133 (32.9)
Oxytocin infusion	147 (36.4)	129 (32.0)	141 (34.9)
Terminal fetal bradycardia	45 (11.1)	49 (12.2)	34 (8.4)
Sitting upright for birth	311 (77.0)	341 (84.6)	330 (81.7)
Non-Valsalva pushing	314 (77.4)	312 (77.3)	328 (81.1)
Spontaneous vaginal birth	388 (96.0)	400 (99.3)	398 (98.5)
Compound presentation	40 (9.9)	41 (10.2)	52 (12.8)
Head born between contractions	136 (33.6)	122 (30.3)	139 (34.4)
Head born OA (occiput anterior)	381 (94.3)	379 (94.0)	378 (93.6)
5-minute Apgar < 7	4 (1.0)	1 (0.2)	2 (0.5)
Second stage labor, min mean (SD)	41 (50)	33 (38)	36 (44)
Infant birthweight, gm mean (SD)	3351 (437)	3349 (462)	3345 (440)
Postpartum office visit	316 (78.2)	324 (80.4)	325 (80.4)
Postpartum perineal problem	20 (6.3)	14 (4.3)	16 (4.9)

^*Reported as n (%) unless otherwise noted.