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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Jan 25.

Published in final edited form as: J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005;50(5):365–372. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.05.012

Table 4.

Genital Tract Trauma in Three Intervention Groups^*

	Warm Compresses (n=404)	Massage with Lubricant (n=403)	Hands Off (n=404)
Any trauma	310 (76.7)	309 (76.7)	314 (77.7)
No trauma	94 (23.3)	94 (23.3)	90 (22.3)
Episiotomy	1 (0.3)	7 (1.7)	2 (0.5)
Perineal Trauma:
1^st degree	97 (24.4)	91 (22.6)	89 (22.0)
2^nd degree	70 (17.3)	73 (18.1)	74 (18.3)
3^rd degree	3 (0.7)	4 (1.0)	2 (0.5)
4^th degree	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	4 (1.0)
Location of Other Trauma:
vaginal	162 (40.1)	165 (40.9)	160 (39.6)
labial	198 (49.0)	198 (49.1)	191 (47.3)
periurethral	58 (14.4)	40 (9.9)	53 (13.1)
clitoral	16 (4.0)	13 (3.2)	20 (4.9)
cervical	2 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Trauma Sutured	83 (20.5)	75 (18.6)	88 (21.8)

^*

reported as n (%)