Table 1.

Means and Standard Deviations of Major Variables

	Total		Girls		Boys
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Parental positive expressivity—T2	5.69	0.81	5.84	0.84	5.54	0.74
Parental warmth—T2	4.15	1.53	4.44	1.69	3.86	1.29
Child EC (parent report)—T2	4.73	0.73	4.86	0.69	4.60	0.74
Child EC (teacher report)—T2	4.83	1.02	5.22	0.85	4.45	1.03
Child persistence—T2	0.74	0.27	0.77	0.27	0.71	0.28
Child externalizing (parent report)—T2	2.13	0.45	2.09	0.43	2.17	0.47
Child externalizing (teacher report)—T2	1.75	0.69	1.47	0.52	2.01	0.73
Parental positive expressivity—T3	5.57	0.58	5.61	0.59	5.52	0.57
Parental warmth—T3	3.60	1.55	3.77	1.65	3.44	1.44
Child EC (parent report)—T3	4.79	0.77	4.96	0.71	4.62	0.78
Child EC (teacher report)—T3	5.17	1.09	5.60	0.84	4.75	1.15
Child persistence—T3	0.66	0.33	0.68	0.34	0.65	0.32
Child externalizing (parent report)—T3	2.08	0.47	2.02	0.42	2.14	0.51
Child externalizing (teacher report)—T4	1.58	0.60	1.37	0.46	1.78	0.65
Parental positive expressivity—T4	2.41	0.50	2.44	0.54	2.38	0.44
Parental warmth—T4	5.41	1.02	5.43	1.12	5.38	0.91
Child EC (parent report)—T4	4.80	0.73	4.98	0.75	4.79	1.08
Child EC (teacher report)—T4	5.11	0.96	5.40	0.74	4.63	0.68
Child EC (persistence)—T4	0.95	0.07	0.95	0.07	0.95	0.07
Child externalizing (parent report)—T4	2.00	0.46	1.93	0.43	2.07	0.49
Child externalizing (teacher report)—T4	1.46	0.55	1.26	0.41	1.68	0.59

Note. EC, effortful control.