| AI | Artificial Intelligence. |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| DL | Deep Learning |
| ANN | Artificial Neural Network |
| DNN | Deep Neural Network |
| CNNs | Convolutional Neural Networks |
| XAI | Explainable Artificial Intelligence |
| RL | Reinforcement Learning |
| MLP | Multilayer Perceptron |
| ViT | Vision Transformer |
| Grad-CAM | Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping |
| ECC | Early Childhood Caries |
| AP | Average Precision |
| AUC | Area Under the Curve |
| ROC | Receiver Operating Characteristic |
| IT | Information Technology |
| U-Net | U-shaped Convolutional Network |
| ResNet | Residual Neural Network |
| CNN-Based Object Detection | Convolutional Neural Network-Based Object Detection |
| AutoML | Automated Machine Learning |
| 3D | Three-Dimensional |
| DL-Based | Deep Learning-Based |
| AI-Assisted | Artificial Intelligence-Assisted |
| CBCT | Cone-Beam Computed Tomography |