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. 2026 Jul 27;16(8):791. doi: 10.3390/brainsci16080791
ADL Activities of Daily Living
AOU Amount of Use
ARAT Action Research Arm Test
BI Barthel Index
CI Confidence Interval
CR Conventional Rehabilitation
ES Electrical Stimulation
FES Functional Electrical Stimulation
FMA Fugl–Meyer Assessment
FMA-UE Fugl–Meyer Assessment—Upper Extremity
FMA-WH Fugl–Meyer Assessment—Wrist/Hand
FMA-UE&LE Fugl–Meyer Assessment—Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity
FMST Finger Motor Sequence Task
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
ICF International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
MAS Modified Ashworth Scale
MBI Modified Barthel Index
MD Mean Difference
MAL Motor Activity Log
MQ Methodological Quality
NMES Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
PEDro Physiotherapy Evidence Database
PES Peripheral Electrical Stimulation
PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design
PNS Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
QOM Quality of Movement
RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
ROB Risk of Bias
RoB 2 Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials, Version 2
RPNS Repetitive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
RPSS Repetitive Peripheral Nerve Sensory Stimulation
SD Standard Deviation
SMD Standardized Mean Difference
tDCS Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
WMFT Wolf Motor Function Test