ACLF	acute-on-chronic liver failure
AH	alcohol-associated hepatitis
ALD	alcohol-associated liver disease
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
AUC	area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve
AUDIT-C	Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption
BH	Benjamini–Hochberg (procedure)
CBC	complete blood count
CCL2	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CCL17	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17
CCL20	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20
CCL22	C-C motif chemokine ligand 22
CCR2	C-C chemokine receptor type 2
CCR4	C-C chemokine receptor type 4
CCR6	C-C chemokine receptor type 6
CD14	cluster of differentiation 14
CI	confidence interval
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
CRP	C-reactive protein
CTP	Child–Turcotte–Pugh (score)
CXCL9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9
CXCL10	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
CXCL16	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16
DAMP	damage-associated molecular pattern
DC	dendritic cell
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FIB-4	Fibrosis-4 index
Foxp3	Forkhead box P3
GGT	gamma-glutamyl transferase
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus
HMGB1	high-mobility group box 1
HSC	hepatic stellate cell
IL-8	interleukin-8
IL-17	interleukin-17
INR	international normalised ratio
IQR	interquartile range
KW	Kruskal–Wallis (test)
LCN2	lipocalin-2
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LSEC	liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
Ly-6C	lymphocyte antigen 6C
LYMF	lymphocyte count
MASLD	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
mDF	modified Maddrey discriminant function
MELD	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
MELD 3.0	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease 3.0
MELD-Na	Model for End-Stage Liver Disease–Sodium
METAVIR	meta-analysis of histological data in viral hepatitis (fibrosis staging system)
MIP-3α	macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NEU	neutrophil count
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NKT	natural killer T (cell)
NLR	neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
NOX4	NADPH oxidase 4
PAMP	pathogen-associated molecular pattern
PMN	polymorphonuclear
ROC	receiver operating characteristic
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAM	scar-associated macrophage
SBP	spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
SII	systemic immune-inflammation index
STOPAH	steroids or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis (trial)
TARC	thymus and activation-regulated chemokine
Th1	T helper 1 (cell)
Th2	T helper 2 (cell)
Th17	T helper 17 (cell)
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
Treg	regulatory T (cell)
WBC	white blood cell
ε2	epsilon-squared (Kruskal–Wallis effect size)