(A) pSRE-Luc (0.05μg) and pCMV-βgal (0.1 μg) were cotransfected into HEK293 cells with either 0.85 μg of pcDNA3 (vector) alone, or with 0.84 μg pcDNA3 and 10 ng of the indicated α13 constructs. 25 ng C3-transferase was also co-expressed with α13QL as indicated. (B) HEK293 cells were cotransfected with 2.5 to 25 ng of α13 constructs as indicated, and pSRE-Luc, pCMV-βgal, and pcDNA3. Cells were lysed 24 h after transfection, and assayed for luciferase activity and β-galactosidase activity. Luciferase activity was normalized by the β-galactosidase activity present in each lysate. Results are presented as percentage activity with respect to control cells (vector) and are the means +/− S.E. of results obtained from (A) 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate (N=6) or (B) 2 independent experiments performed in duplicates (N=4). The statistical difference between the indicated mutant and constitutively active α13QL is indicated by asterisks (*p<0.05).