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A schematic representation of the rat interstitial tissue with an emphasis on blood vessels, testicular macrophages (depicted with vacuoles), and Leydig cells (shaded gray). Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the blood circulation interacts with its receptors on Leydig cells to stimulate testosterone (T) production. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates testicular macrophages, which, in turn, release cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) that block T formation by Leydig cells.
