ACE mRNA expression: mRNA expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results are the number of ACE-cDNA copies over β-actin-cDNA copies (mean ±SD, data from at least 5 mice per group). Abbreviations: IEL, intraepithelial lymphocytes; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SBS, short bowel syndrome. *P<0.05 Sham vs. SBS.