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. 2026 Aug 1;13(8):362. doi: 10.3390/jcdd13080362
6MWD 6 min walk distance
AF Atrial fibrillation
ATP Antitachycardia pacing
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CCM Cardiac contractility modulation
CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance
CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy
ECG Electrocardiogram
GDMT Guideline-directed medical therapy
GLS Global longitudinal strain
HF Heart failure
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
ICD Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
LV Left ventricular/left ventricle
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
MAGGIC Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure
MLWHFQ Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire
NCX Sodium–calcium exchanger
NSVT Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA New York Heart Association
PLN Phospholamban
PVC Premature ventricular complex
QoL Quality of life
RCT Randomized controlled trial
RyR2 Ryanodine receptor-2
S-ICD Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
SERCA2a Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a
TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor beta 1
VAT Ventilatory anaerobic threshold
VO2 Oxygen consumption
VT/VF Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation