YopE1-220-Npt, YopE1-220-Ub-Npt, and YopE1-220-UbGly3,13-Npt are soluble proteins. Y. enterocolitica W22703 expressing either YopE1-220-Npt, YopE1-220-Ub-Npt, or YopE1-220-UbGly3,13-Npt was lysed in a French pressure cell. Crude extracts were subjected to ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g. The soluble supernatant (So) and insoluble sediment (In) were separated, and proteins were precipitated with TCA and analyzed by immunoblotting (α-Npt or α-CAT). In the right panel, the signal intensities of Yop fusions in cell extracts are compared with the signal intensities in samples obtained by TCA precipitation of total cultures (T).