AGE	Advanced glycation endproduct
AIx	Augmentation index
ADF	Alternate-day fasting
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
CALERIE	Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy
CGM	Continuous glucose monitoring
CRP	C-reactive protein
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DEXA	Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
ΔPPG	Incremental postprandial glucose excursion
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
FOXO	Forkhead box O transcription factor
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HbA1c	Glycated haemoglobin
HCAR2	Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HIIT	High-intensity interval training
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
hsCRP	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IF	Intermittent fasting
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor-1
IL-6	Interleukin-6
ITP	Interventions Testing Program
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
MACE	Major adverse cardiovascular events
MAGE	Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions
MARD	Mean absolute relative difference
mTORC1	Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NIA	National Institute on Aging
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SIRT1	Sirtuin-1
SIRT3	Sirtuin-3
SREBP1	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
STOP-NIDDM	Study to Prevent Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
TAR	Time above range
TAME	Targeting Aging with Metformin
TIR	Time in range
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor alpha
TRE	Time-restricted eating
UKPDS	UK Prospective Diabetes Study
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
β-OHB	Beta-hydroxybutyrate