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. 2026 Jul 29;17(8):907. doi: 10.3390/mi17080907
EL Electroluminescence
WASR Wavelet-Aware Selective Reconstruction Network
WADE Wavelet-Aware Downsampling Encoder
CCFM Cross-Scale Context Fusion Module
SRD-Head Selective Reconstruction Detection Head
mAP@0.5 Mean average precision at an IoU threshold of 0.5
FPS Frames per second
PV Photovoltaic
SVM Support Vector Machine
R-CNN Region-based Convolutional Neural Network
YOLO You Only Look Once
SSD Single Shot MultiBox Detector
CBAM Convolutional Block Attention Module
GAM Global Attention Mechanism
PVEL-AD Photovoltaic Electroluminescence Vision Algorithm Defects
Params Parameters
IoU Intersection over union
SCDown Spatial-Channel Downsampling
SHSA Single-Head Self-Attention
DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
SHViT Single-Head Vision Transformer
Q Query
K Key
V Value
H Height
W Width
C Channel
PAN Path Aggregation Network
ScConv Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution
SRU Spatial Reconstruction Unit
CRU Channel Reconstruction Unit
DWConv Depthwise Convolution
CPU Central Processing Unit
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
IDE Integrated Development Environment
SGD Stochastic Gradient Descent
P Precision
R Recall
AP Average Precision
P–R Precision–recall
FLOPs Floating Point Operations
TP True Positive
FP False Positive
FN False Negative
CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture
RTX Ray Tracing Texel eXtreme