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. 2026 Jul 30;16(8):538. doi: 10.3390/metabo16080538
AICAR 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (acadesine)
AKI Acute kidney injury
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ASNS Asparagine synthetase
ASO Antisense oligonucleotide
BH-FDR Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate
CE-MS Capillary-electrophoresis mass spectrometry
CI Confidence interval
CKD Chronic kidney disease
CLP Cecal ligation and puncture (sepsis model)
DDA Data-dependent acquisition
DKD Diabetic kidney disease
DOI Digital object identifier
ERRγ Estrogen-related receptor gamma
FAO Fatty acid β-oxidation
FR-PT Failed-repair proximal tubule
GC-MS Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
GFR Glomerular filtration rate
GSH Glutathione
HIF-PHI Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor
HILIC Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
HKSJ Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman small-sample correction
IK InChIKey (InChIKey-2D denotes the 14-character connectivity prefix)
IMP Inosine monophosphate
IRI Ischemia–reperfusion injury
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
LC-MS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
LOESS Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing
LOO Leave-one-out
LPE Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
MS/MS2 Mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry
MS-DIAL Mass-spectrometry data-independent analysis (peak-detection software)
mTORC1 Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
NMN/NR Nicotinamide mononucleotide/nicotinamide riboside
NRK1 Nicotinamide riboside kinase 1
OAT1/3 Organic anion transporter 1/3
OR Odds ratio
PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK4 Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4
PKD Polycystic kidney disease
POS/NEG Positive/negative ionization mode
PQN Probabilistic quotient normalization
PT Proximal tubule
QC Quality control
QC-RLSC Quality-control-based robust LOESS signal correction
QTOF Quadrupole time-of-flight (mass analyzer)
REML Restricted maximum likelihood
RP Reverse-phase (chromatography)
SE Standard error
SMPDB Small Molecule Pathway Database
STING Stimulator of interferon genes
TRAF1 TNF receptor-associated factor 1
UUO Unilateral ureteral obstruction