| 16S rRNA | 16S ribosomal RNA |
| ASV | Amplicon sequence variant |
| BAL | Bronchoalveolar lavage |
| BALF | Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Df | Degrees of freedom |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| EC | Electronic cigarette |
| ENDS | Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems |
| ETS | Environmental Tobacco Smoke |
| I2 | I-squared heterogeneity statistic |
| MeSH | Medical Subject Headings |
| MINORS | Methodological index for Non-randomized Studies |
| MyD88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| NELF | Nasal epithelial lining fluid |
| OTUs | Operational taxonomic units |
| PICO | Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparator, Outcome |
| PRISMA | Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses |
| REML | Restricted maximum likelihood |
| RevMan | Review Manager |
| SMDs | Standardized mean differences |
| URT | Upper respiratory tract |
| Z | Z statistic |
| χ2 | Chi-square statistic |
| τ2 | Tau-squared between-study variance |
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