| OMVs | Outer Membrane Vesicles |
| UPEC | Uropathogenic Escherichia coli |
| P. m | Proteus mirabilis |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| SOD | Superoxide Dismutase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| MMP | Mitochondrial Membrane Potential |
| LB | Lysogeny Broth |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| CCK-8 | Enhanced Cell Counting Kit-8 |
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