Abbreviation	Full form
4E-BP1	4E-binding protein-1
AD	Adenocarcinoma
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1	Activator protein-1
CDK	Cyclin-dependent kinase
CK1	Casein kinase 1
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
DMBA	7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase
DVL	Disheveled
EGCG	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT	Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAP	Familial adenomatous polyposis
FasL	Fas ligand
FZD	Frizzled (receptor)
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
HAT	Histone acetyltransferase
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HGF	Hepatocyte growth factor
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor-1
IGF-1R	Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
IGFBP-3	Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
IKK	IκB kinase
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IκB	Inhibitor of κB
ITCs	Isothiocyanates
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KRAS	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
LRP5/6	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
miRNA/miR	MicroRNA
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1/2	mTOR complex 1/2
NEMO	NF-κB essential modulator (IKKγ)
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PDK1	Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIP2	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3	Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
PKC	Protein kinase C
PSA	Prostate-specific antigen
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
Rb	Retinoblastoma (protein)
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RSV	Resveratrol
S6K1	S6 kinase 1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SQ	Squamous cell carcinoma
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TCF/LEF	T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TSC1/2	Tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
Wnt	Wingless-related integration site
XIAP	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein