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. 2026 Jul 26;13(8):743. doi: 10.3390/vetsci13080743
AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ARE Antioxidant response element
BMEC Bovine mammary epithelial cell
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
EGCG Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
FMT Fecal microbiota transplantation
GPX4 Glutathione peroxidase 4
HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1
IGPD Imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase
IKK IκB kinase
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LTA Lipoteichoic acid
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEC Mammary epithelial cell
mMEC Murine mammary epithelial cell
MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration
MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
NLRP3 NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OMEC Ovine mammary epithelial cell
PAMP Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SCFA Short-chain fatty acid
SOD Superoxide dismutase
TLR Toll-like receptor
ZO-1 Zonula occludens-1