ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
AChE	acetylcholinesterase
AUC	area under the curve
BA	bile acid
BCP	bioactive collagen peptide
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BSH	bile salt hydrolase
C/EBPα	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha
CAF	cancer-associated fibroblast
CAT	catalase
CBPI	Canine Brief Pain Inventory
CH	collagen hydrolysate
CHF	congestive heart failure
DCA	deoxycholic acid
DCM	dilated cardiomyopathy
ECM	extracellular matrix
ET-1	endothelin-1
Foxg1	forkhead box G1
FS	fractional shortening
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GALT	gut-associated lymphoid tissue
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GPBAR1	G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1
GSH	glutathione
GSSG	oxidized glutathione
HAT	histone acetyltransferase
HDAC	histone deacetylase
HIF1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HSC	hepatic stellate cell
Hyp	hydroxyproline
Hyp-Gly	hydroxyprolyl-glycine
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IC50	half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IDDM	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
IRS-1	insulin receptor substrate-1
ITIM	immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
kDa	kilodalton
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LAIR-1/2	leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1/2
LCA	lithocholic acid
LC-MS/MS	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
LMW	low molecular weight
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LVIDd	left ventricular internal diameter in diastole
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MLCK	myosin light chain kinase
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MSC-EV	mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NO	nitric oxide
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OA	osteoarthritis
P1NP	amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen
PEPT1/2	peptide transporter 1/2 (SLC15A1/A2)
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PPARγ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Pro	proline
Pro-Hyp	prolyl-hydroxyproline
PVF	peak vertical force
PYY	peptide YY
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SA-β-Gal	senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
SHP-1/2	Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1/2
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TauR-CM	taurine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
TGR5	Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
TIMP	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Treg	regulatory T cell
UC-II	undenatured type II collagen
UCP-1	uncoupling protein 1
UDCA	ursodeoxycholic acid
WB	whole blood
ZO-1	zonula occludens-1