AIDS	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
aLRT-SH	Shimodaira–Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test
APE	Analysis of phylogenetics and evolution
ART	Antiretroviral therapy
ARV	Antiretroviral
CI	Confidence interval
CPR	Calibrated population resistance
CRF	Circulating recombinant form
env	HIV envelope gene
FSWs	Female sex workers
GBD	The global burden of disease study
GCC	The Gulf Cooperation Council
GTR	Generalized time-reversible model
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
HIV-1	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
IDU	Injection drug use
IDUs	Injection drug users
IRRs	Incidence rate ratios
KSA	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
LAHDB	The Los Alamos HIV sequence database
LBL	Linear-by-linear test for association
LMICs	Low- and middle-income countries
MEGA	Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis
MENA	The Middle East and North Africa
ML	Maximum likelihood
MSA	Multiple sequence alignment
MSM	Men who have sex with men
NNRTIs	Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
NRTIs	Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
OR	Odds ratio
ORF	Open reading frame
PIs	Protease inhibitors
PLWHA	People living with HIV/AIDS
pol	HIV polymerase gene
PR	HIV protease gene region
QC	Quality control
QoL	Quality of life
RT	HIV reverse-transcriptase gene region
SDRMs	Surveillance drug-resistance mutations
s/s	Substitutions/site
TAMs	Thymidine analog mutations
TasP	Treatment as prevention
UAE	The United Arab Emirates
UNAIDS	Joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS