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. 2026 Aug 13;13:1927483. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1927483

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Copyright © 2026 Huang, Wu, Qu, Liu, Feng, Ren, Yang, Xu and Fan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar graphs comparing peak area ratios of cyclic (panel A: d-limonene and α-terpineol) and acyclic terpenes (panel B: geraniol and linalool) at concentrations of zero, two hundred, four hundred, six hundred, and eight hundred milligrams per liter, showing decreasing patterns with increasing concentration. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences. — Effects of isoamyl alcohol on the volatility of terpenoids. (A) Acyclic Terpenols. (B) Monocyclic terpenes. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences via Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05).