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. 2026 May 29;27(2):e00065-26. doi: 10.1128/jmbe.00065-26

TABLE 2.

Experimental outcomes of environmental sampling and phage isolation performed by five student groups

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Positive control
Sample type Water Water Water Water Water Water spiked with dog feces
Sample collection site Toilet
Grease trap
Bathroom sink
River
Bathroom drain
Laboratory drain
Water from plant pot tray
Toilet
Sink drain
Bathroom drain
Bathroom drain
Public square fountain
Laundry drain
Bathroom drain
Water tank
Bathroom drain
Bathroom drain
Toilet
Toilet
Bathroom drain
Not applied
Host bacterial strain E. coli DH5α E. coli BL21 E. coli
ATCC 25922
P. aeruginosa PA14 P. mirabilis
ATCC 25933
E. coli DH5α
Presence of infective phages Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Host range of isolated phages E. coli DH5α E. coli BL21
E. coli ATCC 25922
E. coli DH5α
E. coli ATCC 25922
P. aeruginosa PA14 Not applied Not tested