S1 nuclease analysis of plasmids from B. longum DJO10A to investigate the existence of single-stranded DNA intermediates. (A) Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmids from B. longum DJO10A. (B) Southern hybridization of the plasmids from panel A with probes from pDOJH10L and pDOJH10S. S−, not treated with S1 nuclease; S+, treated with S1 nuclease; CC, closed circular plasmid DNA; OC, open circular plasmid DNA; SS, single-stranded DNA intermediates.