Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Participants (N = 4757) | n/N | % | |
| Time of residency ≥ 5 years under | |||
| current address | 4255/4749 | 89.6 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never -smoker without ETS | 1762/4396 | 40.1 | |
| Never-smoking with ETS | 1472/4396 | 33.5 | |
| Ex-smoker | 384/4396 | 8.7 | |
| Current smoker | |||
| <15 pack years | 269/4396 | 6.1 | |
| 15–30 pack years | 282/4396 | 6.4 | |
| >30 pack years | 227/4396 | 5.7 | |
| Single room heating with fossil fuels | 1039/4653 | 21.8 | |
| Occupational exposure to dust/fumes | 552/4757 | 11.6 | |
| Occupational exposure to extreme temperatures | 469/4757 | 9.9 | |
| Social status | |||
| Low | 1401/4702 | 29.8 | |
| Medium | 2248/4702 | 47.8 | |
| High | 1051/4702 | 22.4 | |
| N | mean | SD | |
| Age [years] | 4755 | 54.5 | 0.6 |
| Body Mass Index [kg/m2] | 3844 | 27.7 | 4.7 |
| Height [cm] | 3846 | 162.1 | 5.8 |