Table 1.
Factors associated with high IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial antigens among mothers and their infants.
| Maternal variables in pregnancy | Mothers during pregnancy n = 90 | Infants at one year of age n = 57 | ||
| Proportion (%) with "high IFN-γ" (> mediana) | P value | Proportion (%) with "high IFN-γ" (> mediana) | P value | |
| Helminths | ||||
| none | 12/19 (63%) | 4/17 (24%) | ||
| hookworm | 11/36 (31%) | 0.025 | 16/20 (80%) | 0.001 |
| S. mansoni | 12/22 (55%) | 0.75 | 7/12 (58%) | 0.12 |
| HIV infection | ||||
| Negative | 39/78 (50%) | 26/49 (53%) | ||
| positive | 5/12 (42%) | 0.76 | 3/8 (38%) | 0.47 |
| Malaria parasitaemia | ||||
| Negative | 41/77 (53%) | 25/49 (51%) | ||
| Positive | 3/13 (23%) | 0.07 | 4/8 (50%) | 1.00 |
| Age | ||||
| < 25 years | 28/61 (46%) | 19/37 (51%) | ||
| 25 or older | 16/29 (55%) | 0.50 | 10/20 (50%) | 1.00 |
| Education (1 mv) | ||||
| none/ primary | 29/55 (53%) | 19/34 (56%) | ||
| secondary/ tertiary | 15/34 (44%) | 0.52 | 10/23 (43%) | 0.42 |
| BCG scar (3 mv) | ||||
| absent | 11/28 (39%) | 10/14 (71%) | ||
| present | 32/59 (54%) | 0.25 | 18/41 (44%) | 0.12 |
a The median level of IFN-γ production in response to CFP for mothers was 69 pg/ml; for infants 206 pg/ml. mv: missing values