Table 1.
Baseline and perinatal characteristics.
| HD (N = 279) | LD (N = 304) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Female | N (%) | 127 (45.8) | 144 (47.4) |
| Male | N (%) | 150 (54.2) | 160 (52.6) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | Mean (SD) | 29.19 (1.90) | 28.92 (2.02) |
| Birthweight (g) | Mean (SD) | 1180.44 (232.76) | 1154.32 (243.51) |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | N (%) | 60 (21.6) | 70 (22.3) |
| Preeclampsia | N (%) | 49 (17,6) | 60 (19.7) |
| Corticoids use | N (%) | 251 (91.3) | 270 (88.8) |
| Antibiotics use | N (%) | 171 (62.2) | 180 (59.4) |
| Membranes ruptured > 24 h before birth | N (%) | 76 (27.3) | 79 (26.0) |
| Chorioamnionitis | N (%) | 31 (11.2) | 38 (12.5) |
| Type of delivery | |||
| Vaginal | N (%) | 72 (25.9) | 96 (31.7) |
| C-section | N (%) | 206 (74.1) | 207 (68.3) |
| APGAR 5 | |||
| 0–3 | N (%) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.0) |
| 4–6 | N (%) | 13 (4.8) | 34 (11.4) |
| 7–10 | N (%) | 254 (94.0) | 260 (87.5) |
| Reanimation | N (%) | 251 (90.3) | 275 (90.5) |
| Type of reanimation | |||
| Reanimation type I | N (%) | 47 (18.8) | 52 (18.9) |
| Reanimation type II | N (%) | 34 (13.6) | 37 (13.5) |
| Reanimation type III | N (%) | 120 (48.0) | 135 (49.1) |
| Reanimation type IV | N (%) | 42 (16.8) | 47 (17.1) |
| Reanimation type V | N (%) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (1.5) |
| Time to EN initiation (hours) | Mean (SD) | 24.96 (14.59) | 25.09 (15.22) |
| Initial volume of EN (ml/kg/day) | Mean (SD) | 13.70 (9.82) | 13.97 (9.05) |
| Type of milk received | |||
| Donated breast milk | N (%) | 127 (45.7) | 145 (47.7) |
| Infant formula | N (%) | 57 (20.5) | 54 (17.8) |
| Maternal milk | N (%) | 65 (23.4) | 67 (22.0) |
| Mixed | N (%) | 29 (10.4) | 38 (12.5) |
Values are means (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. P indicates differences between treatment groups.
HD high dose, LD low dose, N number of patients, SD standard deviation, EN enteral nutrition. The “Maternal milk” category may include supplementation with donor milk.