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. 2026 Aug 17;13:1886122. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1886122

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Copyright © 2026 Meng, Yi, Yu, Chen and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot summarizing the odds ratios and confidence intervals of six studies with weights indicated, an overall pooled odds ratio of 2.46 (1.28, 4.75), and heterogeneity I-squared of 64.1 percent, p equals 0.016. — Forest plot of smoking and chronic pouchitis risk.