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. 2026 Aug 17;13:1886122. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1886122

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Copyright © 2026 Meng, Yi, Yu, Chen and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot showing odds ratios and confidence intervals for five studies, with weights and a pooled overall estimate. The overall odds ratio is 1.32, confidence interval 1.02 to 1.70, with no significant heterogeneity reported. — Forest plot of preoperative immunosuppressive therapy and chronic pouchitis risk.