Table 2.

Subgroup analysis of moderating variables.

Moderators	Homogeneity test			Category	Number of studies	Number of samples	Effect size and 95% CI	Two-tailed test
	Q	P	I2(%)					Q	P
Intervention content	103.89	<0.001	71.68	Yoga	10	724	-0.71 (-0.97, -0.46)	24.26	<0.001
				Aerobic exercise	12	1067	-0.53 (-0.78, -0.28)	37.69	<0.001
				Pilates	2	74	-0.80 (-1.70, 0.10)	3.40	0.082
				Aerobic and resistance exercise	4	130	-0.58 (-1.25, 0.09)	10.45	0.089
				Traditional Chinese exercises	3	236	-0.79 (-1.69, 0.12)	24.33	0.089
Single intervention time	76.07	<0.001	69.93	>60min/time	7	517	-0.48 (-0.80, -0.15)	16.53	0.004
				60min/time	10	644	-1.02 (-1.19, -0.84)	9.21	<0.001
				<60min/time	6	499	-0.52 (-0.88, -0.16)	18.63	0.005
Intervention frequency	91.26	<0.001	69.35	1–2 times/week	12	675	-0.56 (-0.84, -0.28)	33.86	<0.001
				3 times/week	14	1119	-0.87 (-1.07, -0.66)	32.44	<0.001
				>3times/week	3	238	-0.17 (-0.49, 0.15)	2.81	0.309
Intervention duration	103.89	<0.001	71.68	3–8 weeks	11	818	-0.76 (-1.07, -0.45)	49.22	<0.001
				10–12 weeks	16	1099	-0.42 (-0.60, -0.24)	28.25	<0.001
				>12 weeks	4	314	-1.01 (-1.32, -0.71)	4.53	<0.001
Intervention forms	103.89	<0.001	71.68	Group	17	1074	-0.65 (-0.91, -0.40)	66.60	<0.001
				Individual	14	1157	-0.60 (-0.82, -0.38)	36.94	<0.001

Q, Cochran’s Q statistic; P, P value; I^2, I-squared statistic; CI, confidence interval; g, Hedges’g.