Fig. 2.

Cost-saving and GHG mitigation potential of scenarios from 2020 to 2050. Changes in cost (a) and GHG emission (b) of alternative scenarios compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. The three columns, from left to right, correspond to low, middle, and high collection rates, respectively. Coloured lines indicate the dominant end-of-life pathway: metallurgical recycling (MR; orange), direct recycling (DR; blue), power-storage applications (SU; pink) and a balanced allocation among pathways (BA; green). Negative values indicate cost savings or avoided GHG emissions relative to BAU. GHG, greenhouse gas; CNY, Chinese yuan; CO₂eq, carbon dioxide equivalent.