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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2026 May 21;126(9):156387. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2026.156387

Table 1.

Demographic and Sample Characteristics of 50 Adult Participants in Two Phases of User Testing on Communicating Total Nutrient Intake from Foods, Drinks, and Supplements

Characteristics Phase I (n=30) Phase II (n=20) Total (n=50)
n (%)
Racea
 AI/ANb 1 (3.3%) 1 (5.0%) 2 (4.0%)
 Asian 3 (10.0%) 2 (10.0%) 5 (10.0%)
 Black 6 (20.0%) 4 (20.0%) 10 (20.0%)
 White 15 (50.0%) 10 (50.0%) 25 (50.0%)
Hispanic Origin 8 (26.7%) 4 (20.0%) 12 (24.0%)
Gender Identity
 Female 16 (53.3%) 11 (55.0%) 27 (54.0%)
 Male 14 (46.7%) 9 (45.0%) 23 (46.0%)
 Gender non-conforming 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Transgender 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Education
 High School/GED or Less 7 (23.3%) 6 (30.0%) 13 (26.0%)
 Some College / College Degree 13 (43.3%) 8 (40.0%) 21 (42.0%)
 Graduate Degree 10 (33.3%) 6 (30.0%) 16 (32.0%)
Age Range (years)
 19–30 7 (23.3%) 6 (30.0%) 13 (26.0%)
 31–50 12 (40.0%) 8 (40.0%) 20 (40.0%)
 51–70 11 (36.7%) 6 (30.0%) 17 (34.0%)
Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS)c
 Median Score (Range) 15.5 (7–18) 16 (6–18) 16 (6–18)
 6 – 10 (n, %) 3 (10.0%) 1 (5.0%) 4 (8.0%)
 11 – 16 (n, %) 13 (43.3%) 11 (55.0%) 24 (48.0%)
 17 – 18 (n, %) 14 (46.7%) 8 (40.0%) 22 (44.0%)
a

Percentages do not sum to 100% as participants could select more than one racial category, and some participants identified with Hispanic ethnicity only and did not select a racial category

b

AI/AN = American Indian/Alaskan Native

c

SNS is Subjective Numeracy Scale Range 3–18, Study Range 6–1816; high numeracy is 17–18 and lower is ≤16