Table 2.
Patient demographic, hospitalization, and outcome data for the procedural subgroup analysis
| Variable | Osseous | Non-osseous | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 308 (63.5%) | 177 (36.5%) | |
| Patient demographic data | |||
| Age [mean years ± SD] | 33.9 ± 20.3 | 28.1 ± 15.5 | 0.022 |
| Age [median + (IQR)] | 26 (18–50) | 22 (17–34) | |
| Female | 166 (53.9%) | 93 (52.5%) | 0.741 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 166 (53.9%) | 105 (59.3%) | 0.611 |
| Black | 26 (8.4%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 30 (9.7%) | 16 (9.0%) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 11 (3.6%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
| Native American | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Other | 11 (3.6%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
| Unknown | 61 (19.8%) | 28 (15.8%) | |
| ZIP income quartile | |||
| Low (Q1) | 57 (18.5%) | 20 (11.3%) | 0.112 |
| Mid-low (Q2) | 60 (19.5%) | 29 (16.4%) | |
| Mid-high (Q3) | 71 (23.1%) | 49 (27.7%) | |
| High (Q4) | 110 (35.7%) | 72 (40.7%) | |
| Unknown | 10 (2.1%) | 7 (4.0%) | |
| Primary payer/insurance | |||
| Medicare | 46 (14.9%) | 10 (5.6%) | 0.003 |
| Medicaid | 34 (11.0%) | 28 (15.8%) | |
| Private insurance | 188 (61.0%) | 124 (70.1%) | |
| Self-pay | 20 (6.5%) | 10 (5.6%) | |
| No charge | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Other | 19 (6.2%) | 4 (2.3%) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Patient location | |||
| Central counties in metro areas of ≥ 1 million population | 63 (20.5%) | 38 (21.5%) | 0.691 |
| Fringe counties in metro areas of ≥ 1 million population | 52 (16.9%) | 30 (16.9%) | |
| Counties in metro areas of 250,000–99,999 population | 34 (11.0%) | 14 (7.9%) | |
| Counties in metro areas of 50,000–249,999 population | 9 (2.9%) | 5 (2.8%) | |
| Micropolitan counties | 14 (4.5%) | 4 (2.3%) | |
| Not metropolitan or micropolitan counties | 7 (2.3%) | 6 (3.4%) | |
| Unknown | 129 (41.9%) | 80 (45.2%) | |
| Admission and discharge data | |||
| Length of stay [days ± SD] | 4.4 ± 8.9 | 2.6 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay [median + (IQR)] | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) | |
| Total charges [US-Dollar ± SD] | $78,013 ± $133,878 | $48,250 ± $68,790 | 0.013 |
| Total charges [median + (IQR)] | $32,812 ($20,471–$78,010) | $28,684 ($18,204–$44,655) | |
| Patient discharge | |||
| Routine | 265 (86.0%) | 169 (97.7%) | 0.006 |
| Transfer other (SNF, ICF, etc) | 14 (2.5%) | 4 (0.5%) | |
| Home health care | 28 (5.7%) | 4 (1.3%) | |
| Other | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.5%) | |
| Complication, diagnosis, and procedural data | |||
| Number of complications | 39 (12.7%) | 11 (6.2%) | 0.0364 |
| Number of diagnoses [mean ± SD] | 5.6 ± 5.8 | 4.3 ± 4.0 | 0.096 |
| Number of diagnoses [median + (IQR)] | 3 (2–7) | 3 (2–5) | |
| Number of chronic conditions [mean ± SD] | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 1.9 | 0.036 |
| Number of chronic conditions [median + (IQR)] | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | |
| Number of procedures [mean ± SD] | 4.7 ± 4.0 | 4.1 ± 2.4 | 0.939 |
| Number of procedures [median + (IQR)] | 4 (2–6) | 3 (3–4) | |
SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, SNF Skilled nursing facility, ICF Intermediate care facility.