TABLE 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.
|
Variables |
Overall(n = 1272) |
Derivation cohort(n = 1006) |
External validation cohort(n = 266) |
SMD |
|
Demographics |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Age (years), median (IQR) |
63.60 (54.00-72.00) |
64.00 (54.00-72.40) |
61.00 (54.00-70.25) |
0.106 |
|
Male, n (%) |
679 (53.38) |
569 (56.56) |
110 (41.35) |
0.304 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
22.56 (21.09-24.08) |
22.49 (21.11-23.79) |
22.82 (20.70-25.43) |
0.226 |
|
Smokers, n (%) |
349 (27.44) |
259 (25.75) |
90 (33.83) |
0.177 |
|
Comorbidities, n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Hypertension |
303 (23.82) |
241 (23.96) |
62 (23.31) |
0.015 |
|
Diabetes |
248 (19.50) |
209 (20.78) |
39 (14.66) |
0.160 |
|
COPD |
217 (17.06) |
178 (17.69) |
39 (14.66) |
0.082 |
|
Bronchiectasis |
62 (4.87) |
58 (5.77) |
4 (1.51) |
0.227 |
|
Coronary heart disease |
104 (8.18) |
72 (7.16) |
32 (12.03) |
0.165 |
|
F-ILD subtype, n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
0.581 |
|
IPF |
335 (26.34) |
282 (28.03) |
53 (19.92) |
- |
|
CTD-ILD |
569 (44.73) |
389 (38.67) |
180 (67.67) |
- |
|
Other F-ILD |
368 (28.93) |
335 (33.30) |
33 (12.41) |
- |
|
F-ILD therapy, n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Antifibrotic drugs |
474 (37.26) |
377 (37.48) |
97 (36.47) |
0.021 |
|
Glucocorticoids |
593 (46.62) |
497 (49.40) |
96 (36.09) |
0.269 |
|
Immunosuppressants |
159 (12.50) |
115 (11.43) |
44 (16.54) |
0.147 |
|
None |
311 (24.45) |
264 (26.24) |
47 (17.67) |
0.207 |
|
Laboratory parameters, median (IQR) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
WBC (×109/L) |
7.84 (6.00-9.90) |
7.96 (6.03-10.21) |
7.46 (5.77-9.27) |
0.182 |
|
ANC (×109/L) |
5.29 (3.82-7.48) |
5.28 (3.83-7.61) |
5.33 (3.79-7.20) |
0.037 |
|
ALC (×109/L) |
1.39 (0.93-1.91) |
1.43 (0.95-1.94) |
1.23 (0.87-1.79) |
0.244 |
|
AMC (×109/L) |
0.47 (0.34-0.63) |
0.48 (0.33-0.64) |
0.44 (0.34-0.61) |
0.022 |
|
PLT (×109/L) |
190.50 (143.00-242.00) |
189.00 (141.00-238.00) |
198.50 (154.75-253.25) |
0.138 |
|
Hemoglobin (g/L) |
127.00 (115.00-140.00) |
128.00 (115.00-140.00) |
126.00 (114.75-138.00) |
0.020 |
|
Albumin (g/L) |
36.70 (33.40-40.50) |
36.70 (33.40-40.50) |
36.50 (33.00-39.95) |
0.093 |
|
Globulin (g/L) |
29.50 (25.90-34.00) |
29.10 (25.30-32.90) |
32.70 (28.90-36.85) |
0.640 |
|
ALT (U/L) |
22.00 (14.00-35.00) |
21.00 (14.00-33.00) |
24.00 (16.00-47.00) |
0.230 |
|
AST (U/L) |
24.00 (19.00-33.75) |
23.00 (18.00-30.25) |
29.00 (21.00-45.00) |
0.291 |
|
Scr (μmol/L) |
66.00 (54.00-79.00) |
66.00 (54.10-79.00) |
64.20 (53.08-77.12) |
0.066 |
|
BUN (mmol/L) |
5.30 (4.10-6.80) |
5.30 (4.07-6.79) |
5.75 (4.33-6.95) |
0.018 |
|
LDH (U/L) |
241.00 (197.00-316.00) |
235.00 (193.00-296.00) |
292.50 (222.00-386.25) |
0.413 |
|
CRP (mg/L) |
7.33 (3.07-21.90) |
8.36 (3.46-24.60) |
4.94 (1.99-15.13) |
0.269 |
|
AGR |
1.24 (1.05-1.46) |
1.26 (1.09-1.50) |
1.11 (0.94-1.31) |
0.530 |
|
NLR |
3.71 (2.39-6.63) |
3.67 (2.33-6.54) |
3.98 (2.59-7.06) |
0.068 |
|
Laboratory parameters, median (IQR) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
PLR |
136.04 (92.56-206.87) |
129.28 (90.06-195.53) |
161.48 (111.15-229.85) |
0.192 |
|
PNI |
44.27 (39.05-49.10) |
44.52 (39.20-49.50) |
43.60 (38.77-47.53) |
0.193 |
|
SII |
709.14 (411.11-1378.96) |
689.65 (399.95-1341.75) |
820.67 (495.89-1465.08) |
0.120 |
|
PWR |
24.23 (17.42-32.65) |
23.48 (16.81-31.97) |
27.24 (20.87-35.47) |
0.282 |
|
SIRI |
1.77 (0.94-3.32) |
1.74 (0.91-3.29) |
1.93 (1.02-3.54) |
0.076 |
|
Outcomes, n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Mechanical ventilation |
167 (13.13) |
139 (13.82) |
28 (10.53) |
0.101 |
|
30-day mortality |
109 (8.57) |
95 (9.44) |
14 (5.26) |
0.160 |
|
3-month mortality |
156 (12.26) |
130 (12.92) |
26 (9.77) |
0.099 |
|
Long-term all-cause mortality |
536 (42.14) |
473 (47.02) |
63 (23.68) |
0.488 |
|
Long-term cause-specific mortality |
480 (37.74) |
425 (42.25) |
55 (20.68) |
0.465 |
|
Follow-up duration, months, median (IQR) |
26 (11-73.5) |
37.5 (10–89) |
18 (12-25) |
0.981 |
SMD, standardized mean difference; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; F-ILD, fibrotic interstitial lung disease; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; CTD-ILD, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease; WBC, white blood cell; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; AMC, absolute monocyte count; PLT, platelet count; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Scr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; AGR, albumin-to-globulin ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; SII, systemic immune–inflammation index; PWR, platelet-to-white blood cell ratio; SIRI, systemic inflammation response index.