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. 2026 Aug 19;16:1851935. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1851935

Table 1.

Clinical and surgical features of the sample.

Variables/parameters Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3
Gender Female Female Female
Age at surgery (years) 42 53 57
Past medical history – VPS Asthma
Symptoms on onset Diplopia (CN VI palsy)
Decline in visual acuity
Obstructive hydrocephalus
Dysphagia
Hearing loss
Dysphagia
Hearing loss
Preoperative volume (cm3) 50.7 52.3 45.3
Preoperative embolization Yes Yes Yes
External CSF drainage Yes Yes Yes
Duration of surgery (h) 10:26 08:48 09:45
Intraoperative complications No No No
Perioperative complications No No CN VI palsy
Postoperative complications No Hospital-acquired pneumonia No
EoR PR NTR GTR
Simpson grade IV II II
Postoperative volume (cm3) 38.1 5 0
FU at 3 months Improved CN VI palsy Resolved dysphagia Resolved CN VI palsy
Resolved dysphagia
Radiotherapy Yes No No

CN, cranial nerve; VPS, ventriculoperitoneal shunt; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EoR, extent of resection; FU, follow-up; GTR, gross total resection; NTR, near total resection; PR, partial resection.