RT-PCR of R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 total RNA. The locations of the oligonucleotides used for RT-PCR are shown by the arrows. The PCR products amplified by using the primers a, b, c, d, and e were subjected to electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel (PCR product with primers a plus d and a plus e) or a 2% agarose gel (PCR products with primers a plus b and a plus c). The positions and sizes of the 1-kb plus DNA ladder from Invitrogen are indicated to the left (lanes M). The RT-PCR lacking a template failed to detect any contamination (lane 1), and total RNA without reverse transcriptase also failed to detect DNA contamination in the template (lanes 2), with the cDNA sample (lanes 3), and with positive control DNA, i.e., pJR235 containing the ccoNOQP-rdxBHIS genes in pRK415 (lanes 4).