Table 2.
Associations between insulin resistance-related indices and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in participants with MASLD
| No. of cases/ total population |
Incidence rate | HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
| TyG | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.40 (1.37–1.44) | 1.38 (1.35–1.42) | 1.25 (1.22–1.28) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 931/27,401 | 2.17 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 999/27,401 | 2.33 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) |
| Quartile 3 | 1167/27,401 | 2.72 | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | 1.18 (1.08–1.28) |
| Quartile 4 | 1847/27,401 | 4.37 | 1.98 (1.83–2.15) | 1.91 (1.77–2.07) | 1.62 (1.49–1.76) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-BMI | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.53 (1.49–1.56) | 1.52 (1.48–1.55) | 1.32 (1.29–1.35) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 771/27,401 | 1.79 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 1002/27,401 | 2.33 | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | 1.42 (1.29–1.56) | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) |
| Quartile 3 | 1244/27,401 | 2.91 | 1.95 (1.78–2.13) | 1.95 (1.78–2.14) | 1.63 (1.49–1.79) |
| Quartile 4 | 1927/27,401 | 4.57 | 3.43 (3.15–3.74) | 3.39 (3.10–3.69) | 2.36 (2.16–2.58) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-WC | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.59 (1.55–1.63) | 1.57 (1.54–1.61) | 1.35 (1.32–1.38) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 637/27,401 | 1.46 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 915/27,401 | 2.12 | 1.35 (1.22–1.50) | 1.34 (1.21–1.48) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) |
| Quartile 3 | 1174/27,401 | 2.75 | 1.71 (1.55–1.89) | 1.68 (1.52–1.85) | 1.48 (1.34–1.63) |
| Quartile 4 | 2218/27,401 | 5.34 | 3.36 (3.07–3.68) | 3.25 (2.96–3.55) | 2.33 (2.12–2.56) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-WHtR | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.62 (1.58–1.65) | 1.60 (1.56–1.64) | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 562/27,401 | 1.29 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 908/27,401 | 2.11 | 1.49 (1.34–1.66) | 1.47 (1.33–1.64) | 1.40 (1.26–1.55) |
| Quartile 3 | 1190/27,401 | 2.79 | 1.94 (1.75–2.14) | 1.90 (1.71–2.10) | 1.66 (1.50–1.83) |
| Quartile 4 | 2284/27,401 | 5.49 | 3.92 (3.57–4.30) | 3.78 (3.44–4.15) | 2.70 (2.45–2.97) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-BRI | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.50 (1.47–1.53) | 1.49 (1.46–1.52) | 1.31 (1.28–1.34) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 613/27,401 | 1.41 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 935/27,401 | 2.17 | 1.40 (1.26–1.55) | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) | 1.30 (1.18–1.44) |
| Quartile 3 | 1238/27,401 | 2.90 | 1.84 (1.67–2.03) | 1.81 (1.64–2.00) | 1.54 (1.40–1.70) |
| Quartile 4 | 2158/27,401 | 5.18 | 3.42 (3.12–3.75) | 3.33 (3.03–3.65) | 2.36 (2.15–2.60) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-ABSI | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.45 (1.40–1.49) | 1.41 (1.37–1.46) | 1.27 (1.23–1.31) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 717/27,401 | 1.65 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 1043/27,401 | 2.42 | 1.33 (1.21–1.47) | 1.32 (1.19–1.45) | 1.29 (1.17–1.42) |
| Quartile 3 | 1181/27,401 | 2.77 | 1.43 (1.30–1.58) | 1.40 (1.27–1.54) | 1.33 (1.21–1.46) |
| Quartile 4 | 2003/27,401 | 4.80 | 2.32 (2.12–2.54) | 2.20 (2.01–2.41) | 1.82 (1.66–2.00) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-VAI | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.23 (1.20–1.25) | 1.21 (1.18–1.23) | 1.16 (1.13–1.18) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 991/27,401 | 2.32 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 1036/27,401 | 2.41 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) |
| Quartile 3 | 1285/27,401 | 3.00 | 1.36 (1.25–1.47) | 1.31 (1.21–1.43) | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) |
| Quartile 4 | 1632/27,401 | 3.84 | 1.81 (1.67–1.96) | 1.70 (1.57–1.84) | 1.54 (1.42–1.67) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TyG-WWI | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.55 (1.51–1.59) | 1.52 (1.48–1.56) | 1.33 (1.30–1.37) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 617/27,401 | 1.41 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 915/27,401 | 2.12 | 1.30 (1.17–1.44) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) |
| Quartile 3 | 1154/27,401 | 2.70 | 1.52 (1.38–1.68) | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 1.39 (1.26–1.54) |
| Quartile 4 | 2258/27,401 | 5.44 | 2.87 (2.62–3.14) | 2.73 (2.49–2.99) | 2.14 (1.95–2.34) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| TG/HDL-C ratio | |||||
| Per 1-SD increase | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) | 1.19 (1.16–1.22) | 1.15 (1.12–1.18) | ||
| Quartile 1 | 968/27,401 | 2.27 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Quartile 2 | 1106/27,401 | 2.58 | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) |
| Quartile 3 | 1251/27,401 | 2.92 | 1.30 (1.19–1.41) | 1.26 (1.15–1.37) | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) |
| Quartile 4 | 1619/27,401 | 3.80 | 1.75 (1.61–1.90) | 1.65 (1.52–1.79) | 1.52 (1.40–1.65) |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Incidence rates are presented per 1,000 person-years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported per one standard deviation increment in each index. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, educational levels, and Townsend deprivation index. Model 2 was further adjusted for frequency of drinking, smoking status, and physical activity. Model 3 was additionally adjusted for self-reported history of hypertension, history of cancer, use of lipid-lowering medication, use of antihypertensive medication, and family history of cardiometabolic disease
ABSI, a body shape index; BMI, body mass index; BRI, body roundness index; CI, confidence interval; CMM, cardiometabolic multimorbidity; HR, hazard ratio; TG/HDL-C, triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; TyG, triglyceride-glucose index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WWI, weight-adjusted waist index