Table 1.
Baseline characteristics overall and by weaning status/6-month mortality
| Total N = 250 |
Weaning No, N = 61 |
Weaning Yes, N = 189 |
p value | Mortality No, N = 214 |
Mortality Yes, N = 36 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.72 ± 14.87 | 70.62 ± 15.98 | 65.46 ± 14.31 | 0.027 | 65.30 ± 14.57 | 75.17 ± 14.00 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 186 (74.4%) | 45 (73.8%) | 141 (74.6%) | 0.897 | 153 (71.5%) | 33 (91.7%) | 0.010 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.09 ± 4.01 | 23.22 ± 4.29 | 23.04 ± 3.93 | 0.771 | 23.10 ± 3.82 | 23.03 ± 5.07 | 0.938 |
| Heart failure | 117 (46.8%) | 40 (65.6%) | 77 (40.7%) | < 0.001 | 87 (40.7%) | 30 (83.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Liver insufficiency | 97 (38.8%) | 31 (50.8%) | 66 (34.9%) | 0.027 | 74 (34.6%) | 23 (63.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Renal insufficiency | 67 (26.8%) | 29 (47.5%) | 38 (20.1%) | < 0.001 | 44 (20.6%) | 23 (63.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 96 (38.4%) | 32 (52.5%) | 64 (33.9%) | 0.009 | 69 (32.2%) | 27 (75.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Abnormal coagulation | 84 (33.6%) | 30 (49.2%) | 54 (28.6%) | 0.003 | 57 (26.6%) | 27 (75.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 87 (34.8%) | 31 (50.8%) | 56 (29.6%) | 0.003 | 58 (27.1%) | 29 (80.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Shock | 69 (27.6%) | 31 (50.8%) | 38 (20.1%) | < 0.001 | 45 (21.0%) | 24 (66.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Delirium | 41 (16.4%) | 15 (24.6%) | 26 (13.8%) | 0.007 | 25 (11.7%) | 16 (44.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Primary disease* | 0.497 | 0.235 | |||||
| Lung disease | 75 (30.0%) | 17 (27.9%) | 58 (30.7%) | 61 (28.5%) | 14 (38.9%) | ||
| Heart disease | 20 (8.0%) | 6 (9.8%) | 14 (7.4%) | 19 (8.9%) | 1 (2.8%) | ||
| Neuromuscular disease/spinal cord injury | 45 (18.0%) | 15 (24.6%) | 30 (15.9%) | 40 (18.7%) | 5 (13.9%) | ||
| Brain injury | 81 (32.4%) | 18 (29.5%) | 63 (33.3%) | 72 (33.6%) | 9 (25.0%) | ||
| Thoracoabdominal surgery | 29 (11.6%) | 5 (8.2%) | 24 (12.7%) | 22 (10.3%) | 7 (19.4%) | ||
| Ventilator mode | 0.023 | 0.356 | |||||
| AC | 48 (19.2%) | 19 (31.1%) | 29 (15.3%) | 38 (17.8%) | 10 (27.8%) | ||
| SIMV+PSV | 135 (54.0%) | 27 (44.3%) | 108 (57.1%) | 117 (54.7%) | 18 (50.0%) | ||
| PSV | 67 (26.8%) | 15 (24.6%) | 52 (27.5%) | 59 (27.6%) | 8 (22.2%) | ||
| Pre-ICU-days | 57.38 ± 29.54 | 56.66 ± 27.53 | 57.61 ± 30.23 | 0.818 | 58.07 ± 29.83 | 53.31 ± 27.79 | 0.352 |
| Pre-IMV-days | 55.52 ± 27.60 | 55.49 ± 28.65 | 55.52 ± 27.34 | 0.994 | 56.27 ± 28.08 | 51.06 ± 24.47 | 0.253 |
| Pre-tracheostomy-days | 43.70 ± 28.16 | 44.39 ± 28.49 | 43.48 ± 28.13 | 0.828 | 44.58 ± 28.80 | 38.47 ± 23.69 | 0.172 |
| pH (unitless) | 7.45 ± 0.06 | 7.44 ± 0.07 | 7.45 ± 0.06 | 0.140 | 7.45 ± 0.06 | 7.45 ± 0.07 | 0.871 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 94.00 (71.00,128.00) | 92.00 (68.00,122.00) | 94.00 (74.00,129.00) | 0.475 | 95.00 (72.00,125.00) | 85.50 (61.50,130.50) | 0.518 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 44.12 ± 11.46 | 44.70 ± 12.71 | 43.93 ± 11.05 | 0.669 | 44.36 ± 11.64 | 42.64 ± 10.32 | 0.367 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 34.78 ± 7.83 | 34.42 ± 7.50 | 34.90 ± 7.94 | 0.673 | 34.88 ± 8.02 | 34.18 ± 6.64 | 0.573 |
| Prealbumin (g/L) | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.20 ± 0.12 | 0.18 ± 0.11 | 0.277 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.14 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 48.40 (37.70,65.00) | 50.70 (36.90,69.30) | 48.30 (37.90,62.90) | 0.776 | 48.60 (37.90,64.10) | 45.45 (36.40,71.45) | 0.872 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (μmol/L) | 7.10 (5.20,10.50) | 9.10 (5.80,12.90) | 6.80 (4.80,9.50) | 0.007 | 7.05 (5.00,10.20) | 8.50 (6.05,12.15) | 0.074 |
| NRS-2002 | 4.67 ± 1.25 | 4.99 ± 1.14 | 4.57 ± 1.27 | 0.017 | 4.62 ± 1.24 | 4.97 ± 1.30 | 0.139 |
| SOFA | 4.74 ± 2.48 | 5.79 ± 2.66 | 4.41 ± 2.33 | < 0.001 | 4.62 ± 2.44 | 5.47 ± 2.66 | 0.079 |
| APACHE II | 15.95 ± 5.66 | 18.57 ± 6.54 | 15.10 ± 5.09 | < 0.001 | 15.68 ± 5.76 | 17.56 ± 4.85 | 0.041 |
| CCI | 6.11 ± 2.62 | 6.85 ± 3.08 | 5.87 ± 2.41 | 0.026 | 6.01 ± 2.66 | 6.72 ± 2.26 | 0.095 |
| Diaphragm motility (cm) | 0.83 ± 0.73 | 0.85 ± 1.28 | 0.83 ± 0.43 | 0.876 | 0.83 ± 0.77 | 0.85 ± 0.52 | 0.825 |
| Diaphragm thickness (cm) | 1.73 ± 0.71 | 1.67 ± 0.65 | 1.75 ± 0.73 | 0.389 | 1.71 ± 0.71 | 1.84 ± 0.67 | 0.287 |
| DTF (%) | 14.52 ± 8.12 | 13.57 ± 8.05 | 14.83 ± 8.13 | 0.292 | 14.56 ± 8.19 | 14.31 ± 7.77 | 0.860 |
| PEF (L/min) | 79.11 ± 40.89 | 65.72 ± 36.25 | 83.43 ± 41.45 | 0.002 | 78.35 ± 39.48 | 83.61 ± 48.81 | 0.543 |
| Barthel Index | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | 0.302 | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | 0.061 |
| S5Q | 3.06 ± 1.88 | 2.41 ± 1.98 | 3.28 ± 1.80 | 0.003 | 3.10 ± 1.86 | 2.83 ± 2.02 | 0.458 |
| IMS | 1.68 ± 1.86 | 1.21 ± 1.61 | 1.84 ± 1.91 | 0.014 | 1.68 ± 1.88 | 1.69 ± 1.72 | 0.969 |
| CPAx | 10.65 ± 8.04 | 8.13 ± 7.13 | 11.46 ± 8.17 | 0.003 | 10.64 ± 8.07 | 10.67 ± 7.97 | 0.988 |
| Sedatives analgesics | 121 (48.4%) | 31 (50.8%) | 90 (47.6%) | 0.664 | 98 (45.8%) | 23 (63.9%) | 0.044 |
| Antipsychotics | 126 (50.4%) | 30 (49.2%) | 96 (50.8%) | 0.827 | 102 (47.7%) | 24 (66.7%) | 0.035 |
| ECMO | 20 (8.0%) | 14 (23.0%) | 6 (3.2%) | < 0.001 | 4 (1.9%) | 16 (44.4%) | < 0.001 |
| CRRT | 30 (12.0%) | 15 (24.6%) | 15 (7.9%) | < 0.001 | 13 (6.1%) | 17 (47.2%) | < 0.001 |
AC assist/control ventilation, SIMV synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, PSV pressure-support ventilation, ICU intensive care unit, IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, NRS-2002 Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, DTF diaphragm thickening fraction, PEF peak expiratory flow, S5Q Standardized Five Questions, IMS Intensive Care Mobility Scale, CPAx Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy
*Brain disease/injury included hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, central nervous system tumor ( ± post-opera), encephalitis, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Parkinson’s disease/parkinsonism, and traumatic brain injury; lung disease included pneumonia (bacterial/community-acquired pneumonia/hospital-acquired pneumonia/severe), aspiration pneumonia, viral pneumonia (incl. COVID-19), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer ( ± post-opera), fungal/opportunistic pneumonia, and asthma; neuromuscular disease/spinal cord injury included spinal cord injury (incl. cervical), motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, myopathy/myositis, multiple system atrophy, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and cranial neuritis; thoraco-abdominal/other surgery included orthopedic/spine surgery, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, head and neck surgery, trauma, and abdominal/other surgery; heart disease included ischemic/structural heart disease, heart failure, and post-cardiac-arrest