Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with OS.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Factors	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Age	1.022 (0.986, 1.060)	0.234
Sex (female vs. male)	1.403 (0.630, 3.125)	0.407
BMI	0.847 (0.732, 0.980)	0.025*
NRS 2002 ≥ 3	2.560 (0.959, 6.832)	0.061
Diabetes (yes vs. no)	1.341 (0.460, 3.907)	0.591
Hypertension (yes vs. no)	1.091 (0.482, 2.470)	0.834
PNI	0.864 (0.791, 0.943)	0.001*
PLR	1.003 (1.001, 1.005)	0.018*
NLR	1.108 (0.927, 1.324)	0.261
HALP group (high vs. low)	0.238 (0.106, 0.535)	0.001*	0.138 (0.054, 0.349)	0.000**
Cancer type (colorectal cancer vs. gastric cancer)	0.399 (0.179, 0.889)	0.025*	0.327 (0.140, 0.763)	0.010*
Operation type (laparotomy vs. laparoscope)	2.670 (1.198, 5.949)	0.016*
Tumor stage (AJCC)		0.303
II vs. I	1.856 (0.502, 6.858)	0.354
III vs. I	2.609 (0.743, 9.158)	0.135
Duration of surgery	1.010 (1.003, 1.016)	0.004*	1.012 (1.005, 1.018)	0.001*
Post-operative length of stay	1.127 (1.063, 1.195)	0.000**	1.125 (1.054, 1.202)	0.000**
Short-term complications (yes vs. no)	1.174 (0.782, 3.876)	0.175
Postoperative Recurrence (yes vs. no)	4.865 (2.182, 10.849)	0.000**	5.734 (2.428, 13.538)	0.000**
Postoperative adjuvant therapy (yes vs. no)	1.724 (0.762, 3.903)	0.191
Total protein	0.933 (0.870, 1.002)	0.056
Cholesterol	0.668 (0.418, 1.068)	0.092
CRP	1.006 (0.991, 1.021)	0.433
Leucocyte	0.718 (0.330, 1.565)	0.405
Neutrophils	1.145 (0.940, 1.394)	0.180

*indicated for p < 0.05; **indicated for p < 0.001; HR: hazard ratios; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; ALB: albumin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PNI: prognostic nutritional index; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; AJCC: American joint committee on cancer.