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. 2026 Aug 20;17:1897284. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1897284

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Copyright © 2026 Yue, Alhaskawi, Ezzi and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram illustrating the molecular mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis, featuring a labeled knee joint on the left and pathways for cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation mapped through genes, microRNAs, and circular RNAs within different joint regions. — Interactions between circRNAs, miRNAs, and target genes driving osteoarthritis progression.