TABLE 1.

Characteristics of different types of stem cells (Zhu et al., 2021).

MSCs source	Advantages	Disadvantages
Bone marrow	Easy accessibility	Relatively low cell growth rate
	High multilineage differentiation
	Relatively adequate clinical trials
Adipose tissue	Easy accessibility	Reduced differentiation capability
	A greater number of colonies formation	Inadequacy in clinical trials
	Superior immunomodulatory capacity
Umbilical cord blood stem cells	Longer culture times	Relatively few colonies formation
	Higher proliferation capacity	Relatively low yield
	Higher anti-inflammatory effects	Inadequacy in clinical trials