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. 2026 Jun 29;26:200. doi: 10.1186/s12874-026-02810-7

Table 2.

Performance of sparse models in fivefold cross-validation

Model F-measure average Non-zero coefficients Modeling time (s) SDWD SDMDC
SSVM 0.47 (0.21*) 39.80 (3.03) 0.05 (0.01) (−0.12,0.30) (−0.36,0.11)
SDWD 0.38 (0.24) 14.40 (5.86) 5.37 (1.04) (−0.07,−0.005**)
SDMDC 0.51 (0.14) 17.00 (14.09) 2.27 (0.05)

*Standard deviation

**Intervals excluding zero, indicating significant differences