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. 2026 Jun 22;26:2517. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28183-6

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for general characteristics and health literacy

Variables All Health Literacy p
N T1 T2 T3
Total 7178 2429(33.8) 2644(36.8) 2105(29.3)
Gender Female 4001 1528(38.2) 1433(35.8) 1040(26.0) < 0.001
Male 3177 901(28.4) 1211(38.1) 1065(33.5)
Age (years) 19–34 677 44(6.5) 271(40.0) 362(53.5) < 0.001
35–49 1470 147(10.0) 582(39.6) 741(50.4)
50–64 2109 512(24.3) 902(42.8) 695(32.9)
≥ 65 2922 1726(59.1) 889(30.4) 307(10.5)

Married and

Living together

Yes 5119 1634(31.9) 1969(38.5) 1516(29.6) < 0.001
No 2059 795(38.6) 675(32.8) 589(28.6)
Educational level of college or higher Yes 2475 263(10.6) 979(39.6) 1233(49.8) < 0.001
No 4703 2166(46.1) 1665(35.4) 872(18.5)
Health insurance Yes 6912 2283(33.0) 2564(37.1) 2065(29.9) < 0.001
No 266 146(54.9) 80(30.1) 40(15.0)
Private health insurance Yes 5424 1391(25.6) 2191(40.4) 1842(34.0) < 0.001
No 1754 1038(59.2) 453(25.8) 263(15.0)
Economic activity Yes 4794 1371(28.6) 1838(38.3) 1585(33.1) < 0.001
No 2384 1058(44.4) 806(33.8) 520(21.8)
Economic status T1 2651 1480(55.8) 796(30.0) 375(14.2) < 0.001
T2 2383 637(26.7) 992(41.6) 754(31.6)
T3 2144 312(14.6) 856(39.9) 976(45.5)
Residence in a Metropolitan City Yes 2974 855(28.7) 1132(38.1) 987(33.2) < 0.001
No 4204 1574(37.4) 1512(36.0) 1118(26.6)

Values in the T1–T3 columns are presented as counts, with row percentages shown in parentheses