Table 2.
Procedural details, RA vessels, and interventional characteristics.
| Period I | Period II | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2009/1 to 2019/12) | (2020/1 to 2024/2) | ||
| Variables | N = 510 | N = 367 | |
| Rotablation vessels | 0.781 | ||
| Single vessel disease, LM (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 8 (2.2) | |
| LAD (N, %) | 278 (54.5) | 184 (50.1) | |
| LCX (N, %) | 47 (9.2) | 37 (10.1) | |
| RCA (N, %) | 97 (19.0) | 78 (21.3) | |
| Multiple-vessel disease (N, %) | |||
| LM + LAD (N, %) | 22 (4.3) | 10 (2.7) | |
| LM + LCX (N, %) | 8 (1.6) | 1 (0.3) | |
| LM + RCA (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | |
| LAD + LCX (N, %) | 28 (5.5) | 25 (6.8) | |
| LAD + RCA (N, %) | 14 (2.7) | 10 (2.7) | |
| LCX + RCA (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | |
| LM + LAD + LCX (N, %) | 7 (1.4) | 10 (2.7) | |
| LM + LAD + RCA (N, %) | 6 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Rotablation lesion characteristics | |||
| Left main (N, %) | 45 (8.8) | 31 (8.4) | 0.763 |
| Ostial | 10 (2.0) | 6 (1.6) | 0.763 |
| Body | 23 (4.5) | 27 (7.4) | 0.001 |
| Distal | 38 (7.5) | 27 (7.4) | 0.747 |
| Calcification | |||
| Mild–moderate | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0.798 |
| Severe | 44 (8.6) | 30 (8.2) | |
| Non-left main | |||
| (lesion in any major vessel) | |||
| Location, ostial (N, %) | 177 (34.7) | 108 (29.4) | 0.434 |
| Proximal (N, %) | 374 (73.3) | 280 (76.3) | 0.198 |
| Middle (N, %) | 455 (89.0) | 307 (83.7) | 0.345 |
| Distal (N, %) | 324 (63.5) | 173 (47.1) | <0.001 |
| Bifurcation (N, %) | 164 (32.2) | 59 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Calcification (N, %) | |||
| Mild–moderate | 26 (5.1) | 9 (1.6) | 0.047 |
| Severe | 439 (86.1) | 327 (89.1) | |
| Chronic total occlusion (N, %) | 64 (12.5) | 55 (15.0) | 0.152 |
| Total lesion length (mm) | 45.2 ± 1.2 | 42.1 ± 1.2 | 0.072 |
| Total lesion numbers (N) | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 0.659 |
| ACC/AHA lesion (N, %) | |||
| B2 | 49 (9.6) | 33 (9.0) | 0.609 |
| C | 455 (89.2) | 308 (83.9) | 0.074 |
| Access site | <0.001 | ||
| Radial (N, %) | 172 (33.7) | 193 (52.6) | |
| Femoral (N, %) | 325 (63.7) | 170 (46.3) | |
| Brachial (N, %) | 13 (2.5) | 4 (1.1) | |
| Guide size | <0.001 | ||
| 6F (N, %) | 185 (36.3) | 206 (56.1) | |
| 7F (N, %) | 318 (62.4) | 158 (43.1) | |
| 8F (N, %) | 7 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) | |
| Main/side branch rotablation (N, %) | 0.017 | ||
| Main vessel only | 450 (88.2) | 334 (91.0) | |
| Main + side branch | 23 (4.5) | 22 (6.0) | |
| Side branch only | 37 (7.3) | 11 (3.0) | |
| Maximum burr size | 0.001 | ||
| 1.25 mm (N, %) | 105 (20.6) | 93 (25.3) | |
| 1.5 mm (N, %) | 289 (56.7) | 170 (46.3) | |
| 1.75 mm (N, %) | 109 (21.4) | 82 (22.3) | |
| 2.0 mm (N, %) | 6 (1.2) | 20 (5.4) | |
| 2.25 mm (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Rotablation completed | 502 (98.4) | 361 (98.4) | 0.938 |
| Final devices (N, %) | <0.001 | ||
| POBA (N,%) | 32 (6.3) | 21 (5.7) | |
| BMS (N, %) | 103 (20.2) | 36 (9.8) | |
| DES (N, %) | 360 (70.6) | 275 (74.9) | |
| DEB (N, %) | 9 (1.8) | 30 (8.2) | |
| Stent graft | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |
| RA burr per se | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Aborted procedure | 4 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | |
| Mean stent numbers | 1.9 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.0 | 0.013 |
| Mean stent size (mm) | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 0.424 |
| Total stent length (mm) | 54.2 ± 1.3 | 55.9 ± 1.6 | 0.42 |
| Syntax score | |||
| Baseline | 30.0 ± 0.6 | 25.1 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Post-PCI | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Gain | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 18.0 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Total procedure time (min) | 164.0 ± 12.0 | 166.0 ± 3.7 | 0.874 |
| Total fluoro time (min) | 46.8 ± 1.1 | 51.3 ± 1.6 | 0.018 |
| Total contrast dose (mL) | 189.7 ± 3.5 | 168.6 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Hemodynamic support (N, %) | 0.002 | ||
| IABP (N, %) | 72 (14.1) | 54 (14.7) | |
| ECMO | 1 (0.2) | 10 (2.7) | |
| Impella | 0 (0) | 5 (1.4) | |
| iVAC2L | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Indications for hemodynamic support | <0.001 | ||
| Shock at beginning of procedure | 21 (4.1) | 7 (1.9) | |
| Shock during procedure | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Shock due to complication | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Preventive due to CHIP (N, %) | 45 (8.8) | 62 (16.6) | |
| Hemodynamic support removed | <0.001 | ||
| At cath. room | 25 (34.7) | 44 (62.9) | |
| At CCU | 47 (65.3) | 26 (37.1) | |
BMS, bare-metal stent; DEB, drug-eluting balloon; DES, drug-eluting stent; ECMO, extracorporeal membranous oxygenator; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pumping; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; LM, left main coronary artery; RCA, right coronary artery.