Table 3.
Procedural outcomes and complications following PCI with RA.
| Period I | Period II | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2009/1 to 2019/12) | (2020/1 to 2024/2) | ||
| Variables | N = 510 | N = 367 | |
| Acute slow/no flow (N, %) | 46 (9.0) | 18 (4.9) | 0.021 |
| Vessel perforation by RA (N, %) | 10 (2.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.027 |
| By burr per se (not bias cutting | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| or oversizing) | |||
| At mid-LCX (no tortuosity) | 1 | ||
| By wire tip | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| At apical LAD | 1 | ||
| Wire transection | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | |
| At mid-LAD (for underexpanded stent) | 1 | ||
| At LCX-P-M junction (acute angulation) | 1 | ||
| By burr oversizing | 2a (20) | 0 (0) | |
| At distal LCX (not tortuous) | 1 | ||
| At mid-LCXa (multiple bends) | 1 | ||
| By unfavorable bias cutting | 6a (60) | 0 (0) | |
| At RCA-M-D junction (acute bend) | 1 | ||
| At D1 body (not tortuous) | 2 | ||
| At mid-LCX (multiple bends) | 1a | ||
| At p-LAD (not tortuous) | 1 | ||
| At RCA-P-M junction (moderate bend) | 1 | ||
| Vessel perforation by ballooning (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 0.383 |
| Acute heart failure/pulmonary edema (N,%) | 15 (2.9) | 1 (0.3) | 0.004 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia (N, %) | 8 (1.6) | 2 (0.5) | 0.159 |
| Emergent CABG (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.396 |
| Died on table (N, %) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 |
| Acute CIN (N/checked, %)b | 49/173 (28.3) | 33/133 (24.8) | 0.492 |
| Access hematoma (N, %) | 11 (2.2) | 2 (0.5) | 0.052 |
| Rotablation failed | 8 (1.6) | 6 (1.6) | 0.938 |
| Burr stuck | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | |
| Could not cross lesion | 2 (25) | 6 (100) | |
| Perforation | 4 (50) | 0 (0) |
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy.
a
Same patient whose perforation was caused by two mechanisms.
b
In selected patients at high risk of acute CIN.